TAARII
1507 E. 53rd Street
Suite 920
Chicago IL 60615
tel. 773.844.9658
2008 News
2008 U. S. Fellowship Recipients
Professor Michaelle Browers, Department of Political Science, Wake Forest University
“Arab-Shi'i Political Thought since 1959: Political Activism and the Quest for Freedom”
Dr. Jean Evans, Department of Ancient and Near Eastern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
“Sculpture, Glyptic, and Other Small Finds from the Inanna Temple at Nippur”
Ms. Helena Kaler, Department of History, George Washington University
“Sectarianism, Education, and the Creation of the Shiªi Citizen-Subject in Lebanon and Iraq, 1920–1945”
Professor Dina Khoury, History and International Affairs, George Washington University
“War and Remembrance in Iraq”
Dr. Mina Marefat, Design Research, John Hopkins University, and Catholic University
“Baghdad University: Education by Design”
Mr. Tate Paulette, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago
“Magazines, Models, and Artificial Societies: The Archaeology of Grain Storage in Third-Millenium Mesopotamia”
Mr. Robert Riggs, Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Pennsylvania
“Interpreting God’s Law: How Ayatollah Sistani and Ayatollah Fadlallah Mediate Authority in Heterogenous Arab Societies”
Ms. Alexandra Witsell, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Chicago
“Archaeological Perspectives on Temple and Neighborhood in Third Millenium B.C. Khafajah, Iraq”
2007 News
Book Donations
TAARII seeks donations for its permanent library. Currently located in the Amman office, this collection will be relocated when the Institute moves to Iraq. To date, TAARII has received the gift of a substantial collection of archaeological sources. TAARII welcomes book donations in this and other fields. In particular, TAARII seeks the donation of The Encyclopedia of Islam and the Index Islamicus. Please visit the TAARII website for the current catalog of the TAARII library (www.taarii.org). Contact us regarding new donations at info@taarii.org.
Thanks to those individuals and institutions who have donated books to Iraqi institutions of research and higher learning through TAARII. We sadly announce that due to changes in the United States Postal Service M-bags program, we will no longer be able to cover the cost of transporting donated books to Iraq.
Announcing the Winner of the TAARII Prize for
Best U.S. Dissertation on Ancient Iraq
TAARII is pleased to announce that Dr. Michael Kozuh was selected to receive the 2005–2006 outstanding dissertation prize. Dr. Kozuh successfully defended his thesis entitled “The Sacrificial Economy: On the Management of Sacrificial Sheep and Goats at the Neo-Babylonian/Achamenid Eanna Temple of Uruk (c. 625–550 BC)” at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Kozuh’s dissertation contributes significantly to our understanding of Babylonian economy and bureaucracy by analyzing the management of herds of tens of thousands of sheep and goats in the southern Babylonian city of Uruk, based on 550 legal and administrative texts from the temple’s archive.
The thesis elucidates the relationship between the nature of sheep and goat care and the Eanna’s administrative methods and bookkeeping; it clarifies the division of labor between the functionaries of Eanna and outside contractors; and it deepens our understanding of the political dynamic between the temple and the crown government.
Michael Kozuh is the sole award winner for 2005–2006. No prize was awarded for a U.S. dissertation on medieval or modern Iraq.
2007 U. S. Fellowship Recipients
Professor Sinan Antoon, The Gallatin School, New York University
“In the Vocative Case: Saadi Youssef’s Iraq”
Mr. Haytham Bahoora, Department of Comparative Literature, New York University
“Toward a Singular Modernity: Literary and Architectural Modernism in Iraq, 1950–1965”
Professor Magnus T. Bernhardsson, Department of History, Williams College
“Before the Storm: Americans in 1950’s Iraq”
Professor Eric Davis, Department of Political Science, Rutgers University
“The Formation of Political Identities in Ethnically Divided Societies: Implications for a Democratic Transition in Iraq”
Ms. Melissa Eppihimer, History of Art and Architecture, Harvard University
“The Visual Legacy of Akkadian Kingship”
DR. Carrie Hritz, Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis
“Remote Sensing of Cultural Heritage in Iraq”
Professor Dina Khoury, History and International Affairs, George Washington University
“Postponed Lives: War and Memory in Iraq”
Dr. Mina Marefat, Design Research, Johns Hopkins University, and Catholic University
“Architecture, Cultural Politics, and Universalizing Modernism in 1950s Baghdad”
Ms. Sara Pursley, Department of History, City University of New York, Graduate Center
“The Conflict over the Iraqi Personal Status Law of 1959:
A Social History”
Professor Nada M. Shabout, Art History, University of North Texas
“Between Local and Global: Continuity in Iraqi Art since 1990”
Professor Keith Watenpaugh, Modern Islamic Studies, University of California, Davis
“Reassessing the ‘Assyrian Tragedy’ (1933): International Humanitarianism, Citizenship, and Communal and Sectarian Challenges in Interwar Iraq”
2006 News
Announcing the New Contact for The American Academic Research Institute in Iraq (TAARII)
Beginning in August 2006, TAARII’s new contact in Amman, Jordan, will be Dr. Lucine Taminian. Dr. Taminian is well-known to TAARII, because she has been a researcher on the Iraqi Oral History Project since January, 2006. Dr. Taminian comes to TAARII from a position as Academic Advisor at The Royal Institute for Interfaith Studies in Amman, Jordan. There, she also served as the Academic Coordinator for WECMES-2, which was held in Jordan in June 2006.
Dr. Taminian has a Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of Michigan, where she received numerous fellowships and awards. She has been a consultant to a number of international organizations and has conducted ethnographic and interview-based research in Yemen, Jordan, and Lebanon. She has edited two books on Yemen and images of Yemeni women, and has published more than fifteen articles and book reviews on a broad array of topics, including poetry and expressive cultures of the Middle East, women and the building of nation states in the Gulf and Arabia, children and childcare in squatter areas of Amman, women and labor, and the Palestinian uprising. Dr. Taminian has teaching experience in Jordan, Lebanon, and the U.S., and is a fluent speaker of Arabic, and English.
We are pleased that Dr. Taminian both will provide oversight of TAARII affairs in Amman and Baghdad, and will also continue as a principal researcher on the Iraqi Oral History Project. Dr. Taminian can be reached at taminian@yahoo.com and will be TAARII’s principal contact for fellowship and grant applicants from Iraq.
Announcing the Departure of TAARII’s first Resident Director, Dr. Hala Fattah
We regret to announce that Dr. Hala Fattah has decided not to renew her two-year position with TAARII. We deeply appreciate Dr. Fattah's important role as TAARII's first Resident Director and Senior Scholar in Amman. Much has been accomplished in the first two years of her tenure. Two full rounds of the Iraqi Fellowship program have been completed, our office in Amman has been established, and a new program to assist Iraqi librarians in digitization has received support for next year (the TICFIA program, through CAORC). Much has changed in these two years as well. When Dr. Fattah first joined TAARII, we were making plans for her to establish and direct the Institute on the ground in Baghdad. Dr. Fattah showed great resilience in weathering the many changes and disappointments these years have brought, while contributing to TAARII's institutional successes. We will miss her great enthusiasm, her deep knowledge of Iraq and Iraqis, her humor, and her social grace. We look forward to cooperation with her on future projects, and we thank her for all of her work.
Annual Prize Announcement, March 2006
The American Academic Research Institute in Iraq (TAARII) announces new annual prizes for the best U.S. doctoral dissertations on Iraq . Dissertations defended during the 2005-2006 academic year are eligible and may come from any discipline for the study of any time period. One award of $1,500 will be made for the best dissertation on ancient Iraq and one award of $1,500 will be made for the best dissertation on medieval or modern Iraq . Letters of nomination should come from dissertation advisors or committee members, should explain the importance of the dissertation, and should accompany a complete copy of the dissertation manuscript. Please send all nominations/submissions to The American Academic Research Institute in Iraq, 1507 E. 53rd Street, Suite 920, Chicago, IL 60615, by July 1, 2006. Queries may be addressed to info@taarii.org.
2006 U.S. Fellowship Recipients, March 2006
Dr. James Armstrong, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations and Semitic Museum , Harvard University
$6,100, for a project entitled “The Babylonian Ceramic Tradition: The Second Millennium B.C.”
Dr. Eric Davis, Department of Political Science, Rutgers University
$10,000, for a project entitled “Democratic Transitions and National Political Culture: The Case of the New Iraq”
Dr. Adeed Dawisha, Department of Political Science, Miami University
$10,000, for a project entitled “Democracy in Iraq : Lost … Recovered?”
Ms. Bridget Guarasci, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan
$10,000, for a dissertation project entitled “Eden Again: The Technologies of Nostalgia and Reconstruction in Iraq ’s Marshes” (Second Phase of Study)
Ms. Lisa Lital Levy, Department of Comparative Literature, University of California , Berkeley
$3,000, for a dissertation project entitled “Jewish Writers in Iraq , 1865–1935” (Second Phase of Study)
Dr. Denise Natali, College of Political Science , Salahaddin University , and Honorary Fellow, Exeter University , England
$10,000, for a project entitled “Differentiated Development in Post-Gulf War Iraq”
Professor Nada Shabout, Department of Art History, University of North Texas
$10,000, for a project entitled “Recovering Iraq’s Modern Heritage: Constructing and Digitally Documenting the Collection of the Former Saddam Center for the Arts”
Special CAORC Fellow
Professor Bassam Yousif, Department of Economics, Indiana State University
$9,520, for a project entitled “Alternatives to Imbalance: Economic Solutions to Iraq ’s Difficulties”
Films: A New Educational Outreach Program
TAARII has acquired four documentary films for the purpose of screening on member university campuses. By arrangement with the distributors, any of these films can be borrowed from TAARII’s collection for free public or classroom screenings. The four films currently available are:
- Baghdad Blogger , by Salam Pax
- The Tears of Mesopotamia , by Baudouin Koenig
- Robbing the Cradle of Civilization, by Robin Benger
- Oil in Iraq : Curse or Blessing , by Robert Mugnerot and Baudouin Koenig
Brief descriptions of each film, along with images that can be reproduced for screening announcements, are available at www.filmakers.com. We hope you will be interested in scheduling one or more screenings. Please contact us as info@taarii.org to schedule a screening.
Books and Bibliographies
To address the grave situation facing libraries, institutes, and universities in Iraq , TAARII is accepting book donations, which it will ship to appropriate recipients in Baghdad . If you would like to make a donation of classic or contemporary scholarship in your field, please send a list of titles to info@taarii.org. Your gift will be tax-deductible and TAARII will cover all related shipping costs.
TAARII would also like to post bibliographies on its website. We invite our members and readers in the U.S. to forward to us listings of recommended readings in different disciplines of the humanities and social sciences, for the information of Iraqi faculty and students. Similarly, we invite our Iraqi colleagues to send us bibliographic information pertinent to the study of Iraq , to assist their American counterparts.
Notes from the Board
TAARII’s Board of Directors met on Saturday, November 19, 2005 , in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Association (MESA) in Washington , D.C.
Reports by the President, Executive Director, Resident Director, and Treasurer addressed topics ranging from the current situation in Iraq to past and future program activities, membership, fundraising, and the budget. Special attention was given to discussion of how TAARII might provide support for Iraqi graduate students to come to the U.S. for training. A revised version of the TAARII by-laws was ratified and the meeting was adjourned.
2005 News
Annual Prize Announcement, March 2005
The American Academic Research Institute in Iraq (TAARII) announces new annual prizes for the best U.S. doctoral dissertations on Iraq. Dissertations defended during the 2004-2005 academic year are eligible and may come from any discipline for the study of any time period. One award of $1,500 will be made for the best dissertation on ancient Iraq and one award of $1,500 will be made for the best dissertation on medieval or modern Iraq. Letters of nomination should come from dissertation advisors or committee members, should explain the importance of the dissertation, and should accompany a complete copy of the dissertation manuscript. Please send all nominations/submissions to The American Academic Research Institute in Iraq, 1507 E. 53 rd Street, Suite 920, Chicago, IL 60615, by July 1, 2005. Queries may be addressed to info@taarii.org.
2005 U.S. Fellowship Recipients, March 2005
Dr. Mark Altaweel, Argonne National Laboratory
$8,000 for a post-doctoral project entitled "Development of Ancient Settlements in Northern Iraq"
Dr. Mariana Giovino, Independent Scholar
$2,947, for a post-doctoral project entitled "Publication preparation of Interpretations of the Assyrian Sacred Tree,; 1894-2004"
Ms. Bridget Guarasci, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
$10,000, for a dissertation project entitled “Eden Again: The Technologies of Nostalgia and Reconstruction in Iraq’s Marshes”
Ms. Yasmeen Hanoosh, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
$7,000, for a book project entitled “Chaldeans between Iraq and America: Shifting Spaces of a Christian Minority’s Discourse”
Ms. Lisa Lital Levy, University of California, Berkeley
$2,000, for a dissertation project entitled “Jewish Writers in Iraq, 1870-1950”
Mr. John Nielsen, University of Chicago
$8,000, for a dissertation project entitled “A comprehensive editing of all Babylonian economic tablets dated from 747 to 626 B.C. located in collections in Great Britain”
Professor Neal Walls, Wake Forest University
$5,000, for a post-doctoral project entitled “Reading Gilgamesh: A Critical Introduction to the Epic of Gilgamesh”
Summary of Amman conference, January 2005
McGuire Gibson
This report is a summary of an important conference entitled "Iraq: Notions of Self and the Other since the Late Ottoman Era" that took place in Amman, Jordan from January 5 59 8, 2005. It was organized by Dr. Hala Fattah for the Jordan-based Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, with the co-sponsorship of the Japan Foundation and the Goethe Institute. The American Academic Research Institute in Iraq (TAARII), a relatively new non-governmental organization that intends to establish a center in Iraq as soon as it is feasible, became aware of the conference and asked to be allowed to become a co-sponsor. Its funds helped defray expenses of invited Iraqi participants. Nine Iraqi scholars, representing several universities and institutions of research, attended the meeting and delivered papers. In this account, we are deliberately avoiding naming any of the participant! s from Iraq, mindful of their safety. Twenty-five scholars from universities in Europe, the U.S., Canada, the Arab world and Japan also made presentations.
The conference took place in the Marriott Hotel, Amman, Jordan, from the 5th to the 7th of January, 2005. The introductory session featured Dr. Fattah, Mr. Koichi Obata, Ambassador of Japan in Jordan, and Dr. Thomas Lier, Director of the Goethe Institute in Amman, but was highlighted by an address by His Royal Highness Prince El Hassan bin Talal.
The first panel, chaired by Professor McGuire Gibson from the University of Chicago, USA, gave some background on the ancient and Islamic past of Iraq, and stressed the unity of culture in ancient Iraq, despite some periods in which the area was broken into disparate kingdoms. Dr. Magnus Bernhardsson, from Williams College in Massachussetts,USA, delivered a paper on the role of archeology in creating t! he ideas of nationalism in Iraq from 1921-2003.
The early Ottoman era was seen in light of relationships between tribes and the central government, with such papers as Prof. Dina Rizk Khoury's (George Washington University, USA) "Writing Genealogies of Arab Tribes: Two narratives from Early Nineteenth Century Baghdad" that showed surprisingly rich and barely tapped sources for local Iraqi history. In contrast to the tribes, Edouard Metenier (Universite d'Aix en-Provence, France) discussed the "Ottomanization" of two important Arab bureaucrat/historians. An Iraqi scholar traced the threads of Iraqi awareness of its character within the empire. Dr. Christoph Herzog (Heidelberg University, Germany) traced the provinces as seen by the Ottoman administration, showing that the province of Baghdad could include areas in what is now Iran, as well as the three provinces of Iraq itself. He also related the hi! story of military and non-military schools set up by the Ottomans in the mid 1870s, showing the importance of Iraqis in the military of the empire.
Prof. Gokhan Cetinsaya (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey) discussed reform in the last part of the Ottoman Empire, showing that there was a conscious effort to refocus the Muslims of the empire on the Sultan and the caliphate. Sunni Muslims were seen as the bulwark against the West. This gave a special importance to the Arabs and Kurds, who ruled through local notables. Importance was placed on contact with Sufi orders such as the Qadiriyya in Mosul and in Baghdad and the Rifa'iyya in Basrah. There are dozens of reports in the Ottoman archives in Istanbul dealing with Iraq in this period, seeing the provinces of Baghdad and Basra as important for agriculture, leading to marsh-drainage projects, dredging the rivers for navigation, and the establishment of a railroad. Th! ere was also a policy of settling tribes. And it is clear that Iraq was to be governed as one province, not three. But lack of funds made most of these reforms and plans unattainable, and there were increasing security problems throughout Iraq, especially from the tribes. In these "reforms" and the resistance to them lie many of the roots of problems that occurred under British Rule and the Kingdom.
The British colonial period and the Kingdom were covered in sessions that were probably the liveliest. In the audience were numerous examples of living history. In attendance were sons and daughters and widows of several ministers and directors general in the time of the kingdom. One or two were descended from the last Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Caliph. The daughter of Rashid Ali al- Gailani was also there, as was her husband, the son of Sati' al-Husary ( Iraq's most important interwar intellectual). In addition, there were persons who had been officials in the time since 1958. These people made pointed comments on personalities, relationships, genealogy, and party politics. Covered in this session were the emergence of the Iraqi state and the emergence of Iraqi identity, the deleterious effect of the early death of King Faisal I on the monarchy and the political system, seen from th! e point of view of a former Iraqi diplomat. Dr. Peter Wien (Al-Akhawayn University, Morocco) outlined authoritarian approaches to forming the nation in the 1930s and 1940s. Prof. Keith Watenpaugh (LeMoyne College, Syracuse, USA) put Rashid Ali al-Gailani's 1941 coup in the context of early pan-Arabist thought.
There followed a session on the roots of religious minorities in Iraq, a theoretical comparison between Russia and Iraq by Peter Gran, (Temple University, Philadelphia, USA), and Prof. Peter Sluglett's (University of Utah, USA) discussion of the evolution of parliamentary government in the period 1921-1931.
Of very great interest were several presentations on Islamic movements in Iraq. Dr. Silvia Naef (University of Geneva, Switzerland) discussed the surprising concept of Najaf as a center of radical secularism among the students of religion in the early 20th Century, in part because this was the least expensive place to study in Iraq. David Patel (Ph.D candidate, Stanford University, USA) laid out the differences in religious authority among the Shiites, showing the broad and deep support that Ayatollahs such as Sistani have. These persons, through disciples spread around the country, can marshal support whenever they wish. Ayatollahs also have financial support from tithes and other fees at shrines. Muqtada Sadr has been unable to retain his father's following and has no good means of financial support, so he must resort to extreme language and actions to gain adherents.
Kaiko Sakai (The Institute of Developing Economies, Japan) gave a very important paper, showing that the split between Sunni and Shiah is not a strict division. People have not identified as Shiah or Sunna until lately. There was a major Sunni component in the Baath, but it was not so marked until the 1991 uprisings. Identity was con! trolled by the Baath party. She has studied the CVs of the candidates for the national assemblies from 1980 on, and she saw very intriguing trends, with more and more candidates mentioning tribal affiliation in the 1990s. In 1996, several candidates, to show their qualities as leaders, cited their role in mediating conflicts within and between tribes. Paradoxically, in the south, party identification was a stronger identification than in the north, but after 1991, tribal identification spread in the south also. She sees the retribalization policy of the 1990s as a move to frustrate the Ulama in Najaf. Shiites were represented in the Baath regime, but the delegates were not allowed to mediate between the party and the people in the south, whereas tribes in the north were able to do so. This difference was not because of religion but because of the evolution of the south due to historical events.
Juan Cole (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA) dealt with the central role of Ayatollah Ali Sistani at the present time. His views on religion and politics are very different from Khomeini's. He has stressed the love that Shiah must have for the Sunna and condemned Shiah attacks on Sunni mosques. His view is that Iraq is for the Iraqis. He wants legitimate government, and the Occupation is not legitimate. He calls for unity of the Sunna and Shiah. He calls for pluralism: all Iraqis are equal. He is nationalistic. He believes in an "Arab nation" and he wants to avoid the mistakes of Iran with its clerical rule. There is a role for clerics in social issues but not in politics. He says that the parliament derives from the will of the people, and that there needs to be one person/ one vote in the election. Such a democratic hawza would be unique in Islamic history, says Cole.
One panel was devoted to music, literature, art, and women's issues. Dr. Scheherazade Hassan (WIKO, Berlin, Germany) detailed the Iraqi maqam (traditional music). She traced the Iraqi maqam to its present form to the 19th century. Maqam is a strong cultural marker that unites all groups. But the Iraqi maqam is also part of other maqam traditions; maqam is supra-national and supra-religious. Turkish and other traditions still interact with Iraqi maqam. During the Ottoman period, Iraqi maqam was recognized as an entity, and one Mosul performer was known all over the empire. Among Kurds, the Failis were very good. But Albanians, Armenians, and Persians all sang Iraqi maqam compositions. A wide variety of craftsmen played, and some upper class people (e.g., Nuri Said) performed. In di! scussion, one participant questioned the 19th Century origin of maqam, asserting that it had begun earlier. Dr. Hassan indicated that the evidence exists of oral transmission, but that there was no written treatment of the subject until the 1930s.
Prof. Nada Shabout discussed Iraqi identities as revealed in iconography and perception of self in visual arts. The 1950s combined tradition and modernity in art.
Prof. Nadje Al-Ali outlined the role of women in modern Iraq, discussing women in the work-place, women as "the Other." Her discussion of the hardship suffered by women as an effect of the loss of husbands and therefore financial support in the Iran-Iraq War led to lively discussion. One participant indicated that as the soldiers came home from the war, they found few jobs, and that women were gradually shifted out of positions. The 1990s saw a great shift in the role of women, again due to fina! ncial problems under the sanctions, and this time there was the added element of religion. A female observer made the point that in the first laws of the nascent Iraqi state, women were given equal status.
One of Iraq's leading poets elaborated on the roots of modern poetry in Iraq. The fall of Baghdad in 1917 had a great effect on poetry. One poet at that time, Jamil Sidqi Al- Zahawi, expressed a conviction that Iraq needed not tools and new industry, but new infusions of thought from abroad. Ali Al-Sharqi was identified as the person who introduced modern verse to Iraq. Iraqi poetry includes free verse and blank verse as well as traditional forms.
Following was a session on the Kurds, with the lead paper given by a Kurd from Iraq. He outlined the history of Kurds in Iraq as first part of Iran, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He called for semi-autonomy in the present situation. He gave a h! istory of revolts. But he stressed the cooperation of all groups in a united Iraq. This presentation reflected a motif that ran throughout the conference, in which Shiah-Sunna differences were seen as exaggerated or political invention. It was often remarked, especially in private conversation around the conference, that Iraqis have been, historically, so intermarried, with Shiah and Sunni Arabs and Kurds, as well as Turkoman strains in many families, that there was little conscious division on a day-to-day basis. It was pointed out that the largest Sunni city is Baghdad, the largest Shiah city is Baghdad, the largest Kurdish city is Baghdad, the largest Christian city is Baghdad, etc., and that Basra province has a million Sunnis living in it.
An Iraqi economist detailed the politics of opposition in Baathist Iraq. Parties were eliminated. The bureaucracy and the regime had an existence of their own and there was no longe! r an arena of conflict or exchange, which makes up politics. But that does not mean that the Baath regime defied social analysis, as is often asserted. In such works, Saddam is portrayed as not in a political struggle but acting as a dictator seeking fictitious goals. Such works just repeat ideology, they don't analyze. Scholars with a better grasp of Iraq agree that politics in Iraq were leading to alienation of the people, who turned to tribal or religious opposition.
The final session, given to a discussion of all themes, led to lively comments not only from the academic participants, but also from the audience.
It was decided that there is a need to form an International Association of Iraqi Studies. In addition, at the meeting, some Iraqis passed around information and membership forms for a new organization called the Friends of the Iraq Museum, which is to help support, not only the Museum, but the entire Antiquities organization.
In discussion with Hala Fattah and others after the formal sessions, it was decided that TAARII would take a leading role in creating a project to gather the oral history of the hundreds of invaluable witnesses of Iraq's history. This project will take place initially in Amman, where many older Iraqis live in exile, as well as in Beirut, London, and in several centers in the U.S. Eventually, it will be centered in Iraq itself.
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